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Earthquake Hazards Program images.

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two people standing in the foreground, one of them pointing to the distant mountain range
Looking Toward Monte Cristo Range, Nevada
Looking Toward Monte Cristo Range, Nevada
Looking Toward Monte Cristo Range, Nevada

Rich Briggs and Alex Hatem make geologic observations within Nevada’s Monte Cristo Range, June, 2022.

Rich Briggs and Alex Hatem make geologic observations within Nevada’s Monte Cristo Range, June, 2022.

gray relief map of western U.S. with red, yellow, and blue faults
Fault sections being used in the creation of the 2023 U.S. Seismic Hazard Maps
Fault sections being used in the creation of the 2023 U.S. Seismic Hazard Maps
Fault sections being used in the creation of the 2023 U.S. Seismic Hazard Maps

Fault sections being used in the creation of the 2023 U.S. Seismic Hazard Maps. Blue lines are normal faults, yellow lines are reverse faults, and red lines are strike-slip faults.

Fault sections being used in the creation of the 2023 U.S. Seismic Hazard Maps. Blue lines are normal faults, yellow lines are reverse faults, and red lines are strike-slip faults.

Participants looking at laptops.
BMKG Training Participants on Laptops
BMKG Training Participants on Laptops
BMKG Training Participants on Laptops

Photo of participants working on training material on laptops.

The USGS training at the Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) includes hands-on activities. The BMKG staff are highly capable and have received an excellent educational background at the BMKG College or National University.

Photo of participants working on training material on laptops.

The USGS training at the Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) includes hands-on activities. The BMKG staff are highly capable and have received an excellent educational background at the BMKG College or National University.

People seated around  long rectangular table looking at a screen
BKMG Training Participants
BKMG Training Participants
BKMG Training Participants

Group of BKMG training participants with Dr. Tim Ahern (IRIS), looking at training material on a screen. 

Group of BKMG training participants with Dr. Tim Ahern (IRIS), looking at training material on a screen. 

Four people standing next to each other.
Dr. Walter Mooney with BMKG Participants
Dr. Walter Mooney with BMKG Participants
Dr. Walter Mooney with BMKG Participants

Dr, Walter Mooney with three Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) training participants in Palu, Sulawesi. 

Dr, Walter Mooney with three Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) training participants in Palu, Sulawesi. 

Cross-section of the ground to show the layers: the top layer is brown with green grass and labelled "Surface," the second layer is green and labelled "Layer 1," the third layer is orange and labelled "Layer 2," and the bottom layer is significantly larger and has a grayscale gradient that gets lighter going downward and is labelled "Half-space."
Halfspace Model
Halfspace Model
Halfspace Model

Cartoon of half-space model. A half space is a mathematical model used to approximate the earth when performing some calculations in seismology. The model is much simpler than the real earth.

Cartoon of half-space model. A half space is a mathematical model used to approximate the earth when performing some calculations in seismology. The model is much simpler than the real earth.

Diagram of dipping slab with different focal depth events shown at different depths.
Focal Depth
Focal Depth
Focal Depth

Diagram of dipping slab with different focal depth events. The focal depth refers to the depth of an earthquake hypocenter.

Diagram of dipping slab with different focal depth events. The focal depth refers to the depth of an earthquake hypocenter.

Seismic record with red, blue, and black waves.  The largest seismic wave is labelled "Main shock," the second largest is labelled "Aftershock," and the third largest is labelled "foreshock.""
Foreshock
Foreshock
Foreshock

Small foreshocks on a seismic record. Foreshocks are relatively smaller earthquakes that precede the largest earthquake in a series, which is termed the mainshock. Not all mainshocks have foreshocks.

Small foreshocks on a seismic record. Foreshocks are relatively smaller earthquakes that precede the largest earthquake in a series, which is termed the mainshock. Not all mainshocks have foreshocks.

Graph of frequency with time as the x-axis and amplitude as the y-axis
Frequency Diagram
Frequency Diagram
Frequency Diagram

Diagram of frequency. The frequency is the number of times something happens in a certain period of time, such as the ground shaking up and down or back and forth during an earthquake.

Diagram of frequency. The frequency is the number of times something happens in a certain period of time, such as the ground shaking up and down or back and forth during an earthquake.

Aerial photo of Salt River, Arizona with a meandering river surrounded by brown alluvium
Example of Alluvium
Example of Alluvium
Example of Alluvium

Alluvium visible in Salt River, Arizona (Photo by Sharon Reynolds, Arizona State University)

Alluvium visible in Salt River, Arizona (Photo by Sharon Reynolds, Arizona State University)

Drawing of Isaac Newton sitting on a hill under an apple tree
Newton Gravity
Newton Gravity
Newton Gravity

Illustration of Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree, a reference to the well-known story of the epiphany Newton had when an apple fell on his head and lead to him discovering gravity.

Illustration of Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree, a reference to the well-known story of the epiphany Newton had when an apple fell on his head and lead to him discovering gravity.

Photo of a snowy area with an instrument placed on the ground.  The instrument looks like a small pyramid on top of a tripod.
Geodesy
Geodesy
Geodesy

 

Geodesy is the science of determining the size and shape of the earth and the precise location of points on its surface.

 

Geodesy is the science of determining the size and shape of the earth and the precise location of points on its surface.

Blurry table of the geologic time scale
Geologic Time Scale
Geologic Time Scale
Geologic Time Scale

The geologic time scale showing each eon, era, period, epoch, and their associated ages.

The geologic time scale showing each eon, era, period, epoch, and their associated ages.

Photo of mountains in Zion Canyon with trees in the foreground
Photo of Zion Canyon (Geology)
Photo of Zion Canyon (Geology)
Photo of Zion Canyon (Geology)

Photo of Zion Canyon located in Zion National Park in Utah, United States. (Image courtesy of Justin Gould)

Photo of Zion Canyon located in Zion National Park in Utah, United States. (Image courtesy of Justin Gould)

Photo of mountains in the Grand Canyon
Photo of Grand Canyon (Geomorphology)
Photo of Grand Canyon (Geomorphology)
Photo of Grand Canyon (Geomorphology)

Photo of the Grand Canyon located in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, Untied States.

Photo of the Grand Canyon located in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, Untied States.

Photo of GPS site with a white instrument on a white tripod and a solar panel
GPS Site (Geophysics)
GPS Site (Geophysics)
GPS Site (Geophysics)

Photo of GPS site with instrument on a tripod and a solar panel. (Photo by John Galetzka, U.S. Geological Survey)

Photo of GPS site with instrument on a tripod and a solar panel. (Photo by John Galetzka, U.S. Geological Survey)

Photo of a bridge over a valley with a semi-transparent textbox labelled "www.worldweb.com. Photo c Jim Forrest"
Bridge (Geotechnical)
Bridge (Geotechnical)
Bridge (Geotechnical)

Photo of bridge.  Geotechnical means referring to the use of scientific methods and engineering principles to acquire, interpret, and apply knowledge of earth materials for solving engineering problems.  

Photo of bridge.  Geotechnical means referring to the use of scientific methods and engineering principles to acquire, interpret, and apply knowledge of earth materials for solving engineering problems.  

Crustal block diagram with the down-dropped blocks labelled as "graben" and the upthrown blocks labelled as "horst" between faults
Horst and Graben Diagram
Horst and Graben Diagram
Horst and Graben Diagram

Horst and graben diagram. A graben is a down-dropped block of the earth's crust resulting from extension, or pulling, of the crust. 

Horst and graben diagram. A graben is a down-dropped block of the earth's crust resulting from extension, or pulling, of the crust. 

Globe diagram with great circle around the globe with a dotted segment showing the shortest distance between two locations
Great Circle
Great Circle
Great Circle

Diagram of great circle. The shortest path between two points on the surface of a sphere lies along a great circle.

Diagram of great circle. The shortest path between two points on the surface of a sphere lies along a great circle.

Graph with scattered dots with a diagonal line going downward from left to right in between the dots
Least Squares Fit Plot
Least Squares Fit Plot
Least Squares Fit Plot

Plot showing least squares fit. When plotting data points on a graph, the least-squares-fit is the line or curve that comes closest to going through all the points.

Plot showing least squares fit. When plotting data points on a graph, the least-squares-fit is the line or curve that comes closest to going through all the points.

Block diagram showing the left coastal block moving forward and parallel as the right block moves away
Left-Lateral Motion Diagram
Left-Lateral Motion Diagram
Left-Lateral Motion Diagram

Diagram of left-lateral motion on fault. If you were to stand on the fault and look along its length, this is a type of strike-slip fault where the left block moves toward you and the right block moves away. See also right-lateral. 

Diagram of left-lateral motion on fault. If you were to stand on the fault and look along its length, this is a type of strike-slip fault where the left block moves toward you and the right block moves away. See also right-lateral. 

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