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A photograph shows a boat sitting at a dock, with tall grasses in the foreground and the setting sun in the distance.
Preparing for a day of sampling on Grizzly Bay
Preparing for a day of sampling on Grizzly Bay
Preparing for a day of sampling on Grizzly Bay

Scientists from the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in their vessel jewell, docked at Belden's Landing Water Access Facility on Montezuma Slough. They are preparing for a day of sampling on Grizzly Bay, where they study how sediment moves through sensitive coastal environments.

Scientists from the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in their vessel jewell, docked at Belden's Landing Water Access Facility on Montezuma Slough. They are preparing for a day of sampling on Grizzly Bay, where they study how sediment moves through sensitive coastal environments.

People sit in a small boat floating the water, preparing a sampling device to collect sediment from the bottom of the water.
Preparing the GOMEX on Grizzly Bay
Preparing the GOMEX on Grizzly Bay
Preparing the GOMEX on Grizzly Bay

From left to right, USGS scientists Sam McGill, Lucas WinklerPrins, David Hart, Selina Davila Olivera, and Pete Dal Ferro work on Grizzly Bay on the vessel Jewell, to collect sediment samples using the GOMEX box corer.

From left to right, USGS scientists Sam McGill, Lucas WinklerPrins, David Hart, Selina Davila Olivera, and Pete Dal Ferro work on Grizzly Bay on the vessel Jewell, to collect sediment samples using the GOMEX box corer.

Five people on a small boat in calm water work on a sampling device being retrieved from the water.
Sediment collected in a GOMEX box corer
Sediment collected in a GOMEX box corer
Sediment collected in a GOMEX box corer

USGS science crew works to free the muddy sediment from a GOMEX box corer. They are on board the Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center's vessel Jewell on Grizzly Bay in the San Francisco Bay area.

USGS science crew works to free the muddy sediment from a GOMEX box corer. They are on board the Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center's vessel Jewell on Grizzly Bay in the San Francisco Bay area.

Illustration of a bay and delta region with different colors to depict varying depths of water.
Bathymetric map of the northern portion of San Francisco Bay (MLLW)
Bathymetric map of the northern portion of San Francisco Bay (MLLW)
Bathymetric map of the northern portion of San Francisco Bay (MLLW)

Digital elevation model (DEM) of northern San Francisco Bay, California, created using bathymetry data collected between 1999 and 2016 (MLLW)

Digital elevation model (DEM) of northern San Francisco Bay, California, created using bathymetry data collected between 1999 and 2016 (MLLW)

Photo of a rugged coastline with bluffs, gentle waves, and rocks jutting out from the sand.
California coastline
California coastline
California coastline

The U.S. west coast is an area of complex coastal geography. This photograph depicts several examples of geological features along the California coastline that are shaped by varied coastal processes. The gently sloping beach, stark bluffs, and presence of smooth rocks suggests that the coastal processes shaping this coastline are complex.

The U.S. west coast is an area of complex coastal geography. This photograph depicts several examples of geological features along the California coastline that are shaped by varied coastal processes. The gently sloping beach, stark bluffs, and presence of smooth rocks suggests that the coastal processes shaping this coastline are complex.

Photo of a coastline where sections of bluff have eroded into a network of small gullies in a dendritic pattern.
California coastal erosion
California coastal erosion
California coastal erosion

This region of the California coastline is lined with coastal bluffs that have been shaped not only by runoff from rain, but also by wave- and wind-driven erosion. This photo from Pescadero State Beach displays an example of a bluff undergoing erosional processes. Water from the ocean, delivered in waves, can overtop some of these coastal bluffs.

This region of the California coastline is lined with coastal bluffs that have been shaped not only by runoff from rain, but also by wave- and wind-driven erosion. This photo from Pescadero State Beach displays an example of a bluff undergoing erosional processes. Water from the ocean, delivered in waves, can overtop some of these coastal bluffs.

A man points to a computer screen displaying a map with colored blocks along a coastline.
Coastal storm modeling system integrates economic impacts
Coastal storm modeling system integrates economic impacts
Coastal storm modeling system integrates economic impacts

Patrick Barnard explains how the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) integrates information from the Hazards Exposure Reporting and Analytics (HERA) mapper to understand the social and economic consequences of different flooding scenarios. 

Patrick Barnard explains how the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) integrates information from the Hazards Exposure Reporting and Analytics (HERA) mapper to understand the social and economic consequences of different flooding scenarios. 

Aerial imagery of a peninsula are marked to show different data about each island's coast.
Florida Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
Florida Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
Florida Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Rigorously Valuing the Role of Florida’s Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Estimated Annual Benefits

Aerial imagery of islands are marked to show different data about each island's coast.
American Samoa Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
American Samoa Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
American Samoa Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Rigorously Valuing the Role of American Samoa’s Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Estimated Annual Benefits

Aerial imagery of islands are marked to show different data about each island's coast.
Guam and CNMI Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
Guam and CNMI Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
Guam and CNMI Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Rigorously Valuing the Role of Guam’s Coral Reefs and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands’s Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Estimated Annual Benefits

Rigorously Valuing the Role of Guam’s Coral Reefs and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands’s Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Estimated Annual Benefits

United States coastlines plotted with the expected annual benefits in dollars of having coral reef-lined coastlines.
Economic benefit of coral reef-lined coastlines in U.S.
Economic benefit of coral reef-lined coastlines in U.S.
Economic benefit of coral reef-lined coastlines in U.S.

Map displaying the distribution of total economic losses (direct building damages and indirect economic disruption) in the U.S. that are prevented from flooding by coral reefs annually. In total, the annual coastal flooding risk reduction benefits provided by U.S. coral reefs exceed $1.8 billion.

Map displaying the distribution of total economic losses (direct building damages and indirect economic disruption) in the U.S. that are prevented from flooding by coral reefs annually. In total, the annual coastal flooding risk reduction benefits provided by U.S. coral reefs exceed $1.8 billion.

Aerial imagery of islands is marked to show different data about each island's coast.
Hawaiʻi Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
Hawaiʻi Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
Hawaiʻi Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Rigorously Valuing the Role of Hawaiʻi’s Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Estimated Annual Benefits

Aerial imagery of islands are marked to show different data about each island's coast.
U.S. Virgin Islands Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
U.S. Virgin Islands Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
U.S. Virgin Islands Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Rigorously Valuing the Role of the U.S. Virgin Islands’ Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Estimated Annual Benefits

Aerial imagery of islands are marked to show different data about each island's coast.
Puerto Rico Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
Puerto Rico Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction
Puerto Rico Coral Reefs and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Rigorously Valuing the Role of Puerto Rico’s Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

Estimated Annual Benefits

Four photos show scientists working in the field collecting data using various methods.
Field work in the Columbia River Littoral Cell
Field work in the Columbia River Littoral Cell
Field work in the Columbia River Littoral Cell

Photographs showing equipment used during bathymetric and topographic surveys along the Columbia River littoral cell, Washington and Oregon.

Photographs showing equipment used during bathymetric and topographic surveys along the Columbia River littoral cell, Washington and Oregon.

Collage of images showing the area of study with underwater photographs of the seafloor and dots on the map to show photo locations.
squid-5StudyAreaMap.jpg
squid-5StudyAreaMap.jpg
squid-5StudyAreaMap.jpg

Image map of study area showing (a) study region, (b) study sites, (c, d) example orthomosaic images, and (e) photo of SET 1.

Image map of study area showing (a) study region, (b) study sites, (c, d) example orthomosaic images, and (e) photo of SET 1.

Illustration helps visualize the seafloor character offshore of the continental United States showing canyons and other features
Astoria Canyon multibeam bathymetry
Astoria Canyon multibeam bathymetry
Astoria Canyon multibeam bathymetry

Multibeam bathymetry shown in the spectrum from red (shallower) to blue (deeper) for depths greater than 200 m across the head of Astoria Canyon. The land and continental shelf are shown in grayscale slope shading where darker colors represent steeper slopes.  The modern Columbia River is far right.

Multibeam bathymetry shown in the spectrum from red (shallower) to blue (deeper) for depths greater than 200 m across the head of Astoria Canyon. The land and continental shelf are shown in grayscale slope shading where darker colors represent steeper slopes.  The modern Columbia River is far right.

Illustration helps visualize the seafloor character showing canyons and and the rivers that form them.
Southern Cascadia topography and bathymetry
Southern Cascadia topography and bathymetry
Southern Cascadia topography and bathymetry

Topography and bathymetry of southern Cascadia, which includes southern Oregon and northern California (seafloor depths between 200 and 3000 m are shown in the spectrum color scale from red (shallower) to purple (deeper). The land and continental shelf are shown in grayscale slope shading where darker colors represent steeper slopes.

Topography and bathymetry of southern Cascadia, which includes southern Oregon and northern California (seafloor depths between 200 and 3000 m are shown in the spectrum color scale from red (shallower) to purple (deeper). The land and continental shelf are shown in grayscale slope shading where darker colors represent steeper slopes.

A series of panels, looking down at a river delta, show how the delta changed, growing larger as more sediment flowed downriver.
Evolution of shoreline around Elwha River mouth
Evolution of shoreline around Elwha River mouth
Evolution of shoreline around Elwha River mouth

Evolution of the shoreline around the Elwha River mouth, Washington, before, during and after dam removal, 2011–2017. Two large dams were removed from the Elwha River between 2011 and 2014 in the largest dam removal worldwide thus far, releasing more than 20 million tons of sediment downstream.

Evolution of the shoreline around the Elwha River mouth, Washington, before, during and after dam removal, 2011–2017. Two large dams were removed from the Elwha River between 2011 and 2014 in the largest dam removal worldwide thus far, releasing more than 20 million tons of sediment downstream.

Two men work on a boat pulling up a long cable from the water.
Retrieving a core sampler
Retrieving a core sampler
Retrieving a core sampler

USGS scientists Dan Powers (left) and Andy Ritchie retrieving a core sample from beneath Lake Ozette aboard research vessel Hadai.

USGS scientists Dan Powers (left) and Andy Ritchie retrieving a core sample from beneath Lake Ozette aboard research vessel Hadai.

An illustrated map shows seafloor features and is labeled with dots to show where samples were collected.
Lake Ozette bathymetry
Lake Ozette bathymetry
Lake Ozette bathymetry

Bathymetric map of Lake Ozette, showing locations of core samples (red circles).

Bathymetric map of Lake Ozette, showing locations of core samples (red circles).