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View from the sky of a large estuary with large and small waterways surrounded by villages and agriculture, hills in background.
Elkhorn Slough
Elkhorn Slough
Elkhorn Slough

Elkhorn Slough is a tidal river delta, salt marsh, and estuary in Monterey County, California. It is near the community of Moss Landing and is fed by Carneros Creek.

Elkhorn Slough is a tidal river delta, salt marsh, and estuary in Monterey County, California. It is near the community of Moss Landing and is fed by Carneros Creek.

View from the sky of a jagged coastline with many roads, houses, a park, and other buildings nearby.
Natural Bridges
Natural Bridges
Natural Bridges

Natural Bridges State Beach, shown here in the middle of the photo, is nestled amongst coastal neighborhoods in the southwestern part of Santa Cruz, California. View is looking south. The offices of the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center are just a few hundred feet north, outside the bottom portion of the photograph.

Natural Bridges State Beach, shown here in the middle of the photo, is nestled amongst coastal neighborhoods in the southwestern part of Santa Cruz, California. View is looking south. The offices of the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center are just a few hundred feet north, outside the bottom portion of the photograph.

People are wearing wet suits and waders and are holding hand-held computers and backpacks with equipment in them, smiling.
Synchronized mapping
Synchronized mapping
Synchronized mapping

USGS and Washington State Department of Ecology scientists are geared up and ready to start a topographic survey at the mouth of the Elwha River, using handheld computers and backpack-mounted GPS equipment. From left to right are Owen Warrick (USGS Volunteer), Jon Warrick (USGS), Andy Ritchie (USGS), Heather Weiner (WA State Dept.

USGS and Washington State Department of Ecology scientists are geared up and ready to start a topographic survey at the mouth of the Elwha River, using handheld computers and backpack-mounted GPS equipment. From left to right are Owen Warrick (USGS Volunteer), Jon Warrick (USGS), Andy Ritchie (USGS), Heather Weiner (WA State Dept.

Photographs looking at a coastal cliff with a road covered by a landslide, then debris is cleared and road is repaired.
Mud Creek landslide changes March 2017-June 2018
Mud Creek landslide changes March 2017-June 2018
Mud Creek landslide changes March 2017-June 2018

USGS scientists produced an animated GIF in coordination with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) re-opening of State Highway 1 through Big Sur on July 18, 2018. In 2017, the massive Mud Creek landslide buried a quarter-mile of the famous coastal route with rocks and dirt more than 65 feet deep.

USGS scientists produced an animated GIF in coordination with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) re-opening of State Highway 1 through Big Sur on July 18, 2018. In 2017, the massive Mud Creek landslide buried a quarter-mile of the famous coastal route with rocks and dirt more than 65 feet deep.

View from the sky looking at mouth of river with lots of sediment deposited at a beach.
Estero de San Antonio
Estero de San Antonio
Estero de San Antonio

Aerial view of Estero de San Antonio on Bodega Bay, near Dillon Beach, California.

Aerial view of Estero de San Antonio on Bodega Bay, near Dillon Beach, California.

A man stands smiling on a high coastal bluff near solar panels and a pole supported by guy wires, with a camera mounted on top.
Video camera installation, Barter Island
Video camera installation, Barter Island
Video camera installation, Barter Island

USGS oceanographer Shawn Harrison poses in front of the USGS video camera installation atop the coastal bluff of Barter Island in northern Alaska.

USGS oceanographer Shawn Harrison poses in front of the USGS video camera installation atop the coastal bluff of Barter Island in northern Alaska.

Men and women sitting in a room with tables and chairs listening to a woman talk, she's pointing at a screen on the wall.
USGS hosts community outreach event on Barter Island
USGS hosts community outreach event on Barter Island
USGS hosts community outreach event on Barter Island

USGS oceanographer Li Erikson speaks at a community outreach event on Barter Island, Alaska, to present results from earlier USGS studies and to discuss ongoing USGS research.

USGS oceanographer Li Erikson speaks at a community outreach event on Barter Island, Alaska, to present results from earlier USGS studies and to discuss ongoing USGS research.

A coastal cliff is covered in grasses and some snow, and chunks of the cliff are beginning to crack and fall into the ocean.
Camera set-up on Barter Island coastal bluffs
Camera set-up on Barter Island coastal bluffs
Camera set-up on Barter Island coastal bluffs

For a short study period, two video cameras overlooked the coast from atop the coastal bluff of Barter Island in northern Alaska. The purpose was to observe and quantify coastal processes such as wave run-up, development of rip channels, bluff erosion, and movement of sandbars and ice floes.

For a short study period, two video cameras overlooked the coast from atop the coastal bluff of Barter Island in northern Alaska. The purpose was to observe and quantify coastal processes such as wave run-up, development of rip channels, bluff erosion, and movement of sandbars and ice floes.

A man wearing cold-weather gear and standing on a high coastal bluff points to an instrument that is mounted on short a pole.
Installing ground-shaking detection instrument
Installing ground-shaking detection instrument
Installing ground-shaking detection instrument

USGS scientist Cordell Johnson points to the Raspberry Shake, a sensitive instrument used to detect ground shaking. Johnson mounted the Raspberry Shake to an aluminum pole which he will then drive into the ground to bury the instrument beneath the tundra. This process will help isolate it from the wind.

USGS scientist Cordell Johnson points to the Raspberry Shake, a sensitive instrument used to detect ground shaking. Johnson mounted the Raspberry Shake to an aluminum pole which he will then drive into the ground to bury the instrument beneath the tundra. This process will help isolate it from the wind.

A small instrument with a USGS logo sticker with wires coming out of it is in a hole in the ground.
Sensitive instrument used to detect ground shaking
Sensitive instrument used to detect ground shaking
Sensitive instrument used to detect ground shaking

This device, called a Raspberry Shake, is a sensitive instrument used to detect ground shaking. It is being carefully buried in this shallow hole in the tundra, to isolate it from wind.

This device, called a Raspberry Shake, is a sensitive instrument used to detect ground shaking. It is being carefully buried in this shallow hole in the tundra, to isolate it from wind.

View of muddy, eroding coastal bluffs with a visible permafrost layer and tumbling tundra on top.
Actively eroding coastal permafrost bluff on Barter Island
Actively eroding coastal permafrost bluff on Barter Island
Actively eroding coastal permafrost bluff on Barter Island

Photograph of the actively eroding coastal permafrost bluff on Barter Island, located on the northern coast of Alaska.

Two people stand atop a coastal cliff where the grassy edges are beginning to fall off onto the beach below.
Barter Island coastal bluff studies
Barter Island coastal bluff studies
Barter Island coastal bluff studies

Scientists Cordell Johnson, left, and Li Erikson stand atop the coastal bluff of Barter Island in northern Alaska, a coastal area that is experiencing very high rates of erosion.

Scientists Cordell Johnson, left, and Li Erikson stand atop the coastal bluff of Barter Island in northern Alaska, a coastal area that is experiencing very high rates of erosion.

View of muddy, eroding coastal bluffs with a visible permafrost layer and a tumbling tundra layer on top.
Eroding bluffs in Kaktovik
Eroding bluffs in Kaktovik
Eroding bluffs in Kaktovik

View looking east of the actively eroding coastal permafrost bluff on Barter Island, which is located on the northern coast of Alaska.

View looking east of the actively eroding coastal permafrost bluff on Barter Island, which is located on the northern coast of Alaska.

A metal boat sits on a towing trailer in a parking lot.
PCMSC vessel Jewell on its towing trailer
PCMSC vessel Jewell on its towing trailer
PCMSC vessel Jewell on its towing trailer

USGS PCMSC vessel Jewell, shown on its towing trailer in the wareyard of MarFac in Santa Cruz, CA.

View from the sky of a landscape with a river running through it, and the river is winding back and forth.
Mokelumne River Bathymetry
Mokelumne River Bathymetry
Mokelumne River Bathymetry

A winding strip of rainbow colors shows the bathymetry (depth) of the bed of the Mokelumne River just above its confluence with the San Joaquin in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta east of San Francisco Bay.

A winding strip of rainbow colors shows the bathymetry (depth) of the bed of the Mokelumne River just above its confluence with the San Joaquin in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta east of San Francisco Bay.

View from the air across a tidal march, mudflat, and channels with bay water to the right and a city in the background.
Bair Island, Redwood City
Bair Island, Redwood City
Bair Island, Redwood City

After 100 years of restricted tidal activity to support agricultural use and salt harvesting, the tidal marshes around San Francisco Bay, like this one at Bair Island, are steadily rebuilding, returning to a stunning mosaic of marsh, mudflat, and channels.

After 100 years of restricted tidal activity to support agricultural use and salt harvesting, the tidal marshes around San Francisco Bay, like this one at Bair Island, are steadily rebuilding, returning to a stunning mosaic of marsh, mudflat, and channels.

Tidal marsh or wetland area with little rivulets winding their way through the marshland.
Tidal marsh near San Pablo Bay
Tidal marsh near San Pablo Bay
Tidal marsh near San Pablo Bay

Lower Tubbs Island is a tidal marsh near Midshipman Point in northern San Pablo Bay, California, and is part of the San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Historically, Tubbs Island was used as a club for duck hunters, protected by levees that could be opened with the tides to release salt water into the sloughs. In 1969, it was purchased by the Natu

Lower Tubbs Island is a tidal marsh near Midshipman Point in northern San Pablo Bay, California, and is part of the San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Historically, Tubbs Island was used as a club for duck hunters, protected by levees that could be opened with the tides to release salt water into the sloughs. In 1969, it was purchased by the Natu

View from high up on a coastal bluff looking at a beach at low tide with some exposed boulders, two people standing on shore.
Whidbey Island snapshot west
Whidbey Island snapshot west
Whidbey Island snapshot west

A pair of video cameras overlook the coast along a beach on Whidbey Island, Island County at the northern boundary of Puget Sound in western Washington. View looks west out into the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

A pair of video cameras overlook the coast along a beach on Whidbey Island, Island County at the northern boundary of Puget Sound in western Washington. View looks west out into the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

View from up high above a flat beach area lots of rocks and boulders, very little wave action.
Whidbey Island Video Camera 2 Snapshot
Whidbey Island Video Camera 2 Snapshot
Whidbey Island Video Camera 2 Snapshot

Image from video camera overlooking the coast along a beach on Whidbey Island, WA. Every half hour during daylight hours, the camera shoots video for 10 minutes. This snapshot is the first frame in the 10-minute sequence.

Image from video camera overlooking the coast along a beach on Whidbey Island, WA. Every half hour during daylight hours, the camera shoots video for 10 minutes. This snapshot is the first frame in the 10-minute sequence.

View looks down at a rocky beach at low tide, from up high on cliff.
Whidbey Island video camera timex image
Whidbey Island video camera timex image
Whidbey Island video camera timex image

Timex (time-exposure) image: a time-averaged image of all frames, smoothing away surface waves and determining the location of persistent wave-breaking (indicative of shallow sandbars).

Timex (time-exposure) image: a time-averaged image of all frames, smoothing away surface waves and determining the location of persistent wave-breaking (indicative of shallow sandbars).

View looking down at a rocky beach at low tide, from up high on a cliff.
Whidbey Island video camera variance image
Whidbey Island video camera variance image
Whidbey Island video camera variance image

Variance image: the standard deviation of pixel intensity throughout the video, and it is useful for determining how much variation or movement is occurring at a given location.

Variance image: the standard deviation of pixel intensity throughout the video, and it is useful for determining how much variation or movement is occurring at a given location.