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View of a beach from up high on a cliff, with some boulders and rocky areas visible during low tide.
Whidbey Island video camera dark image
Whidbey Island video camera dark image
Whidbey Island video camera dark image

Dark image: the darkest pixel values throughout the video, useful for tracking sediment plumes, tracking floating debris, and filtering out breaking waves.

Dark image: the darkest pixel values throughout the video, useful for tracking sediment plumes, tracking floating debris, and filtering out breaking waves.

View of a beach from up high on a cliff, with some boulders and rocky areas visible during low tide.
Whidbey Island video camera bright image
Whidbey Island video camera bright image
Whidbey Island video camera bright image

Bright image: the brightest pixel values throughout the video, useful for identifying the position of maximum wave run-up on the beach, position of all breaking waves, and sea-state.

Bright image: the brightest pixel values throughout the video, useful for identifying the position of maximum wave run-up on the beach, position of all breaking waves, and sea-state.

Coastal flowers in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves gently lapping, sky is cloudy in the distance.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 Snapshot
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 Snapshot
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 Snapshot

Image from video camera overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, CA. Every half hour during daylight hours, the camera shoots video for 10 minutes. This snapshot is the first frame in the 10-minute sequence.

Image from video camera overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, CA. Every half hour during daylight hours, the camera shoots video for 10 minutes. This snapshot is the first frame in the 10-minute sequence.

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 bright image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 bright image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 bright image

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 dark image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 dark image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 dark image

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 snapshot
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 snapshot
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 snapshot

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 time-exposure
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 time-exposure
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 time-exposure

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 variance image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 variance image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 1 variance image

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 bright image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 bright image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 bright image

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 dark image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 dark image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 dark image

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 snapshot
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 snapshot
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 snapshot

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 time-exposure
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 time-exposure
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 time-exposure

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Vegetation in foreground up on a beach bluff above flat beach with waves.
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 variance image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 variance image
Sunset State Beach Video Camera 2 variance image

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Two video cameras overlook the coast at Sunset State Beach in Watsonville, California. Camera 1 looks northwest while Camera 2 looks north. Every half hour during daylight hours, the cameras collect snapshots and video for 10 minutes. The various imagery collected:

Photo of the stern of a ship at a dock with people standing together, and a bridge is in the far distance.
Ready for data collection
Ready for data collection
Ready for data collection

USGS scientists aboard R/V Bold Horizon at the dock in San Diego, CA, preparing for a sampling and data collection research cruise offshore of Oceanside.

USGS scientists aboard R/V Bold Horizon at the dock in San Diego, CA, preparing for a sampling and data collection research cruise offshore of Oceanside.

Bald eagle sits atop a leafless tree, overlooking a marshy inlet with farmland in the distance.
Bald Eagle in Washington
Bald Eagle in Washington
Bald Eagle in Washington

I spy with my little (eagle-) eye . . .

After a successful beach survey and installation of remote-sensing cameras on a nearby island, scientists Shawn Harrison and Andrew Stevens spotted this bald eagle near the mouth of the Skagit River, Washington.

I spy with my little (eagle-) eye . . .

After a successful beach survey and installation of remote-sensing cameras on a nearby island, scientists Shawn Harrison and Andrew Stevens spotted this bald eagle near the mouth of the Skagit River, Washington.

Two people wearing wet suits and diving gear like masks, oxygen tanks, fins, and gloves stand on the deck of a boat.
USGS PCMSC divers on Middle River
USGS PCMSC divers on Middle River
USGS PCMSC divers on Middle River

Certified USGS divers Jenny White McKee (left) and Tim Elfers, both from the Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in Santa Cruz, California, prepare their gear and tools while on board PCMSC research vessel Parke Snavely.

Certified USGS divers Jenny White McKee (left) and Tim Elfers, both from the Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in Santa Cruz, California, prepare their gear and tools while on board PCMSC research vessel Parke Snavely.

Cartoons showing ocean wave scenarios and what would happen to groundwater given rising sea level conditions.
Atoll-island groundwater
Atoll-island groundwater
Atoll-island groundwater

Conceptual diagram showing impact of sea-level rise and wave-driven flooding on atoll-island groundwater. (A) Current sea level. (B) Future sea level. Sea-level rise will allow for greater wave heights (H) and wave-driven runup (R), resulting in frequent overwash that will contaminate the atoll island’s freshwater lens. Note: Heights are exaggerated.

Conceptual diagram showing impact of sea-level rise and wave-driven flooding on atoll-island groundwater. (A) Current sea level. (B) Future sea level. Sea-level rise will allow for greater wave heights (H) and wave-driven runup (R), resulting in frequent overwash that will contaminate the atoll island’s freshwater lens. Note: Heights are exaggerated.

View from a rooftop looking down into a cove with gentle ocean waves, coastal bluffs, surfers and anchored boat in distance.
Cowells Beach Snapshot
Cowells Beach Snapshot
Cowells Beach Snapshot

Snapshot, or first frame of from a 10-minute video taken on April 19, 2018, in Santa Cruz, California. View is from atop a hotel looking down on Cowells Beach, a popular surf spot.

Snapshot, or first frame of from a 10-minute video taken on April 19, 2018, in Santa Cruz, California. View is from atop a hotel looking down on Cowells Beach, a popular surf spot.

Map of California showing the sections of the coast where the USGS has generated computer models of storm impacts.
CoSMoS Implementation versions
CoSMoS Implementation versions
CoSMoS Implementation versions

The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future SLR scenarios, as well as long-term shoreline change and cliff retreat.  Resulting projections for future climate scenarios (sea-level rise and s

The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future SLR scenarios, as well as long-term shoreline change and cliff retreat.  Resulting projections for future climate scenarios (sea-level rise and s